지식탐구역량강화 (50%); 창의융합역량강화 (50%)

이 과목은 과학사회학에 대한 입문과목이다. 지난 30년 동안 과학기술학 분야의 발전과정에서 과학사회학에 있어서 다양한 접근법과 이론이 발달되었다. 과학기술학의 주제를 다루기보다 사회학에서 과학을 어떻게 보는지에 대한 기본적인 관점을 이 과목에서 다루게 될 것이다. 특히 사회학의 분과로서 과학사회학이 갖는 위치와 사회학의 근본문제가 어떻게 상호연관성을 갖는지에 대해 논의하게 될 것이다.

출석: 10%
발표: 10%
중간페이퍼: 중간고사 기간 중 짧은 보고서를 제출하게 될 것이다: 40%
기말페이퍼: 제시된 주제 중 하나를 선택하여 보고서를 제출하게 될 것이다: 40%

Michael Lynch, Scientific Practice and Ordinary Action, Cambridge, (1993).

Karin Knorr Cetina and Michael Mulkay, (eds) Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science Sage, (1983).

Barry Barnes and David Edge (eds) Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science, Milton Keynes, and Cambridge, Ma.: Open University Press and MIT Press, (1982).

제 1주: Introduction – 사회와 과학/ 구조기능주의와 갈등론

Steven Yearly “Sociology’s Missing Masses”, Making Sense of Science, vii-xv.
Anthony Giddens “Present-day approaches” Sociology, London: Polity Press, 695-701 (1989).
Anthony Giddens “Theoretical dilemmas”, Sociology, London: Polity Press, 702-708 (1989).

제 2주: 현실의 사회적 구성론 및 사회학의 민속방법론

Randall Collins, “Definition of the situation and the social construction of reality” Theoretical Sociology, New York: Harcourt Brace Joanovich Publishers: 263-300 (1988)

Barry Barnes & David Bloor, “Relativism, rationalism and the sociology of knowledge” Martin Hollis & Steven Lukes (eds) Rationality and Relativism, Cambridge: MIT Press, 21-47 (1982)

제 3주: 포퍼의 반증주의와 쿤의 과학혁명

Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations.(1972 edition) 33-59.
T.S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (2nd Edition 1970)
Karl Popper, "Normal Science and its Dangers", in Lakatos and Musgrave (eds) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, 51-58.
Michael Mulkay and Nigel Gilbert, "Putting Philosophy to Work: Karl Popper's Influence on Scientific Practice", Philosophy of the Social Sciences, (1981), 11, 389-407.

제 4주: 로버트 머튼의 과학사회학

Robert K, Merton, "The Institutional Imperatives of Science", in Merton's Sociology of Science. (1973). First published in 1942. Reprinted as "Science and Democratic Social Structure", in Merton's, Social Theory and Social Structure.
Ian Mitroff, "Norms and Counternorms in a Select Group of Apollo Moon Scientists", American Sociological Review, 39 (1974), 579-95.
김경만, 과학지식과 사회이론, 19-98

제 5주: 과학지식사회학과 사회구성주의

Steve Yearley, Chapter 2, “Framing Commitments: The Strong Programme and the Empirical Programme of Relativism”, in Making Sense of Science, 21-39.
David Bloor, Knowledge and Social Imagery (1976). Chapter 1, Chapter 4 and Afterword to New 1991 Edition.
Steven Shapin, "The Politics of Observation: Cerebral Anatomy and Social Interests in the Edinburgh Phrenology Disputes", in Roy Wallis (ed) On the Margins of Science (1979).
김경만, 과학지식과 사회이론, 99-192

제 6주: : 실험실 연구

Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, "An Anthropologist Visits the Laboratory", in Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. (1979).
Sharon Traweek, "Pilgrim's Progress: Male Tales Told During a Life in Physics" in Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists. (1988)
김경만, 과학지식과 사회이론, 217-260

제 7주: 행위자-네트워크 이론

Michel Callon, "Some Elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay", in John Law (ed) Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge?, (1986), 196-233.
Bruno Latour, "Give me a Laboratory and I will Raise the World", in Knorr-Cetina and Mulkay (eds) Science Observed. (1983), 141-70.

제 8주: 행위자-네트워크 이론에 대한 비판과 그 이후

Steven Yearley, “Actor Networks in Science”, Chapter 4 of Making Sense of Science, 55-68.
H.M. Collins and S. Yearley, "Epistemological Chicken" in A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture, University of Chicago Press, (1992), 301-26
M. Callon and B. Latour" Don't Throw out the Baby with the Bath School!" in A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture, 343-68.

제 9주: 민속방법론과 담화분석

Michael Lynch, “Ethnomethodology”, Chapter 1 of Scientific Practice and Ordinary Action, Cambridge, (1993). 1-38.
Nigel Gilbert and Michael Mulkay, "Accounting for Error", Chapt 4 in Opening Pandora's Box: An Analysis of Scientists’ Discourse, Cambridge University Press, (1984).
Steven Shapin, "Talking History: Reflections on Discourse Analysis", Isis, 75, 1984, 125-8
Steven Yearley, “Ethnomethodology and the Analysis of Scientific Discourse”, Chapter 6 of Making Sense of Science, 83-112.
김경만, 과학지식과 사회이론, 261-289

제 10주: 페미니스트 과학론

Emily Martin, "The Egg and the Sperm", in B. Laslett et al (eds) Gender and Scientific Authority, (1996) 323-339.
Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism. (1988), Chpt 2.
Steven Yearley, “Gender and Science Studies.”Chapter 5 of Making Sense of Science, 69-82

제 11주: 비서구과학과 탈실민지과학

Warwick Anderson (2002) “Introduction: Special issue on postcolonial technoscience” Social Studies of Science 32: 5-6.

Warwick Anderson & Vincanne Adams “Pramoedya’s chickens: postcolonial studies of technoscience.” In: The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, 3rd ed., 181-204. Ed. Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael Lynch, and Judy Wajcman. Cambridge MA: MIT Press; 2007

Peter Redfield “The half-life of empire in outer space” Social Studies of Science 32 (2002): 791-825

제 12주: 포스트모던 사회이론과 과학
오카모토 유이치로 (2017) 흐름으로 읽는 프랑스 현대사상사 (포도밭)

제 13주: 존재론적 전회와 신유물론적 접근방법

Nick Fox (2016) Sociology and New Materialism(London: Sage)
Eduardo Kohn (2018) 숲은 생각한다 - 숲의 눈으로 인간을 본다 (휴머니스트)

- 강의 및 토론 중심으로 수업운영
- 조별 발표를 통해 과학사회학적 사례심화